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Table 3 An overview of the different anaesthetic protocols used  for Crocodylus species 

From: Sedation and general anaesthesia of crocodilians: a systematic review

Protocols used for Crocodylus species

Drug combination administration

(Dose [mg/kg])

Route

Species

Body weight [kg]

Induction time [min]

Recovery time [min]

 

Refs.

Medetomidine (0.5)

IM TL

C. porosus

2.0–4.8

15–30 \(\pm\) 10 (1)

10 \(\pm \,5\) (2)

 

[7]

IM TL

C. porosus

3.6–11.3

30

120–135

[6]

IM TL

C. porosus

5.6–8.1

30

15–30 (2)

 

IM Tail

C. porosus

3.7–7.3

Only sedation

  

IM PL

C. porosus

3.0–8.1

Only sedation

  

IM TL

C. johnstoni

8.5–12.2

Not immobilised

90

 

Medetomidine (0.75)

IM TL

C. johnstoni

4.1–7.6

30–45

90

 

Medetomidine (0.5–2)

IM TL

C. porosus

1–2

Not immobilised

15 (2)

 

Medetomidine (0.25–1)

IV OS

C. porosus

1–2

Not immobilised

_

 

Medetomidine (0.3)

Ketamine (15)

Sevoflurane †

IM TL

C. niloticus

4.2 \(\pm\) 1.7

16 \(\pm\) 8

20–60

 

[13]

Medetomidine (0.0063–0.0106)

Propofol (1.6–3.8)

Isoflurane †

IM TL

IV OS

C. niloticus

21–47

_

123–195(3)

 

[12]

Midazolam (5)

IM TL

C. porosus

2–3.5

15

60

 

[1]

Alfaxalone

IV OS

C. porosus

0.6–2.5

5

10–105(1)

 

[8]

(3)

  

0.2–0.6

5

10–55(1)

 
  1. Protocols are for C. porosus = Crocodylus porosus (saltwater crocodile), C. johnstoni = Crocodylus johnstoni (freshwater crocodile), C. niloticus = Crocodylus niloticus (Nile crocodile). Drugs administered at the same time, unless else is indicated. The protocols used different routes of administration
  2. 1Depends on body temperature
  3. 2Reversed with atipamezole
  4. 3Duration of inhalation anaesthesia. †Inhalation anaesthesia after immobilisation and intubation.—= missing data or no information